Fuzzy-AHP Modelling of Risk Factors for Tanneries in Bangladesh to Adapt Industry 4.0

Bangladesh is marching forward in the way of the Industry 4.0 adaption process with its strength of human assets and long productive experiences. Bangladesh\u27s traditional tanneries are under pressure to change their unfavourable working conditions into safe and productive ones. The study aims to determine the main risk factors of tanning industries from a related literature review and analyse these challenges to adapt the Industry 4.0. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology is developed to analyse and determine the most and the least critical risk factors. In addition, the purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations for mitigating the risk factors associated with the conversion of a tannery to Industry 4.0. Paired comparisons were created among the criteria for collecting 12 experts’ judgments from different tanneries at different levels to progress the methodology using Fuzzy-AHP geometric mean process. The results have shown that the main four risk factors for Industry 4.0 are: Lack of Commitment from Top Management and Policy Makers\u27 Support (47% weight); Lack of Ability to Meet up Initial Cost (29% weight); Lack of ICT-Based Knowledge and Training (15%); and Availability of Cheaper Workforce (9% weight). The judgments given by the experts are acceptable since the paired comparisons are tested with the consistency ratio checking mechanism

Synchronizing of Stabilizing Platform Mounted on a Two-Wheeled Robot

This paper represents the designing, building, and testing of a self-stabilizing platform mounted on a self-balancing robot. For the self-stabilizing platform, a servo motor is used and for the self-balancing robot, two dc motors are used with an encoder, inertial measurement unit, motor driver, an Arduino UNO microcontroller board. A PID controller is used to control the balancing of the system. The PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, and Kd) were evaluated experimentally. The value of the tilted angle from IMU was fed to the PID controller to control the actuated motors for balancing the system. For the self-stabilizing control part, whenever the robot tilted, it maintained the horizontal position by rotating that much in the opposite direction

Vehicle Dynamics, Lateral Forces, Roll Angle, Tire Wear and Road Profile States Estimation - A Review

Estimation of vehicle dynamics, tire wear, and road profile are indispensable prefaces in the development of automobile manufacturing due to the growing demands for vehicle safety, stability, and intelligent control, economic and environmental protection. Thus, vehicle state estimation approaches have captured the great interest of researchers because of the intricacy of vehicle dynamics and stability control systems. Over the last few decades, great enhancement has been accomplished in the theory and experiments for the development of these estimation states. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in vehicle dynamics, tire wear, and road profile estimations. Most relevant and significant models have been reviewed in relation to the vehicle dynamics, roll angle, tire wear, and road profile states. Finally, some suggestions have been pointed out for enhancing the performance of the vehicle dynamics models

Optimization of UAV structure and evaluation of vibrational and fatigue characteristics through simulation studies

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is generic air vehicles that are significantly developed for military and civil purposes. In recent times, advancements in the field of UAVs are exceptional and tremendous. Nevertheless, numerous researches have been performed mainly to reduce the weight of the UAV structure. The flight time and allowable payload rely on the UAV structure's weight, which is considered a significant factor. Hence, in this paper, the UAV model's static structural behavior is cultivated utilizing the morals of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the total deformation and Von-mises stress. Three different polymer materials, namely Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), and Polyamide (PA), are chosen for FEA analysis of 3D printed UAV structure. The thrust generated from the motors varies from 2 kg to 5 kg, and an evaluation of structural strength characteristics is performed. The FEA study has shown that maximum deformation and maximum stress are obtained at the propeller casings and the basement of the structure, respectively. After comparing the details on deformation and stress from all three materials, the research also reveals that PLA is the best material for conception. Furthermore, topological optimization is performed on the UAV structure to reduce mass and minimize stress without compromising mechanical strength. The vibrational and fatigue characteristics of optimized UAV structure is examined. The unified body of the UAV frame will reduce the assembly time and make manufacturing much more effortless